Final piece

For my final piece I recreated Frida Kahlo. I think her relates to my work as I usually look towards floral objects and base my work around a floral theme and if not floral then it will be most probably related to a natural and nature theme.

For my recreation I did a couple of different ideas. For my first idea I thought of doing it natural and also used the snapchat filter, the one with the flower headband.

Then I did a couple others but with make up on, on one I used the snapchat filter again but on the other one I used a flower headband I had bought and slightly crafted by putting more flowers onto it. For my final piece I stayed natural with no makeup, but decided to use the snapchat filter as it showed me modernising the image a bit more by using new technology.

Frida Kahlo

For our final piece we have to choose a picture and recreate and modernise it. For my final piece I have chosen Frida Kahlo.

Frida Kahlo was a Mexican painter, most known for her self portraits. Mexican culture and traditions are important in her work, which has been sometimes characterised as naive art or folk art. Her work has also been described as surrealist. Frida created at least 140 paintings along with dozens of drawings and studies. Of her paintings about 55 are self portraits which often incorporate symbolic portrays of physical and psychological wounds. 
Diego Rivera had a great influence on her paintings style and she had always admired his work. Frida was also influenced by indigenous Mexican culture, which is shown by her use of bright colours, dramatic symbolism and primitive style. She frequently included the monkey, which in Mexican mythology is a symbol of lust, Frida portrays it as tender and protective symbols. Also Christian and Jewish themes are often depicted in her work. 

The photo I have chosen is: 



I chose to look at Frida Kahlo because I like the stories and also emotions behind each painting. It’s like each painting has its own story and it shows how each different emotion can produce and be shown in each painting. I chose this image in particular because I like how it can show different emotions that may be involved in the painting. The thorn necklace shows some form of pain she might have been feeling at the time and how the thorns have drawn out blood. However, the flowers, earrings and the dress indicate that Frida was dressing up.

Kahlo preferred dressing in native Mexican costume and paid great attention to her hair and make-up even when gravely ill. The numerous self-portraits she created range in mood from violent (i.e. showing herself as a deer shot through with arrows or a woman ripped open from neck to navel and covered with nails), to heart-rending (showing herself naked and bleeding profusely from complications of childbirth), to more serene images such as the Self-Portrait with Monkey.

Kahlo's imagery reflects a preoccupation with the exploration of love and its connection to pain in her life. Her relationship with Diego Rivera inspired many of her paintings. As her biographer, Hayden Herrera, noted, "Every time Diego left her, there's another painting with tears or gashes." In Kahlo's own words, Rivera showed her "the revolutionary sense of life and the true sense of colour.

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This image was created, its called ' David Kirby on his deathbed, Ohio, 1990'.
David Kirby was an activist for HIV/ AIDS in the 1970's until his death in 1990. Kirby suffered from HIV and stayed in a AIDS hospice in Ohio.

David Kirby died at the age of 32 on Mat 5th, 1990.

1982 - AIDS is defined ' a disease at least moderately predictive of a defect in cell mediated immunity, occurring in a person with no known case for diminished resistance to that disease.

1983 - Discovered AIDS could be passed down genetically.
         - AIDS have affected 3,064 people ( 1,292 dead ).

1984 - Cause of AIDS discovered.

1985 - Over 20,000 cases of AIDS in the world

1989 - Approximately 100,000 reported AIDS cases

1990 - Believed that over 8-10 million people had HIV worldwide.

Poster

This poster depicts 3 Hindu women, dressed in traditional clothing, sitting on a rug. The central figure is of a young mother holding a new born baby tied closely to her body. The women are talking to one another, it can be inferred that they are talking about the possibility of a husband contracting AIDS while away from home.
The poster cautions to use protection when having sex with strangers. The central theme in this poster is male infidelity and with it an increased risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. The subject matter and title is extremely relevant to the target audience, in this instance the families in rural parts of the country, and most men tend to earn their living by going to the cities and usually stay there for a long period of time.
This theme exposes the vicious cycle of poverty. Away from their families due to lack of funds and paid vacations, these men turn to sex workers and are likely to be infected by them.
The translation of the poster says;
' My husband has gone to the city to make more money, I hope he does not contract AIDS while he is there. But if he resists temptations then he can never bring AIDS back home. Sexual intercourse without proper precautions results in the spread of AIDS.



Peter Kennard and Cat Picton- Phillips who have worked together since 2002, initially to make art in response to the invasion of Iraq. Their work is shown in a range of contexts, online, in galleries and on protest marches. They describe their work as an integral part of political activism, a direct means of communication: ' The visual arm of protest'. Photo op, depicting Tony Blair taking a selfie in front of a huge explosion, has to become an iconic image.
It was produced in response to the anger they felt at the Government's decision to go to war in Iraq in 2003, in the face of widespread public protest. They describe their need to create something that reflected and validated this public opposition, sentiments they felt were not reflected in the mainstream media at the time.



On 8th June 1972, a plane bombed the village of Trang Bang, near Saigon in South Vietnam after the South Vietnamese pilot mistook a group of civilians leaving the temple for enemy troops. The bombs contained napalm, a highly flammable fuel, which killed and badly burned the people on the ground.
The iconic black and white image taken of children fleeing the scene won the Pulitzer Prize and was chosen as the World Press Photo of the year in 1972.
It communicated the horrors of the Vietnam war in a way words never could, helping to end one of the most divisive wars in American history and later becoming a symbol of the cruelty of all wars for children and civilian victims.

Art and politics

A strong relationship between the arts and politics, particularly between various kinds of art and power, occurs across historical epochs and cultures. As they respond to contemporaneous events and politics, the arts take on political as well as social dimensions, becoming themselves a focus of controversy and even a force of political as well as social change.

Epochs - A particular period of time in history or a persons life.

' Art has its own power in the world, and is as much a force in the power play of global politics today as it once was in the arena of cold war politics'. - Groys

Yinka Shonibare

Yinka Shonibare, is a British-Nigerian artist living in London. His work explores cultural identity, colonialism and post-colonialism within the contemporary context of globalisation. A hallmark of his art is the brightly coloured Dutch wax fabric he uses.
Shonibare’s work explores issues of colonialism alongside those of race and class, through a range of media which include painting, sculpture, photography, installation art, and, more recently, film and performance. He examines, in particular, the construction of identity and tangled interrelationship between Africa and Europe and their respective economic and political histories.



Ai WeiWei

 Ai Weiwei is a Chinese Contemporary artist and activist.  Ai collaborated with Swiss architects Herzog & de Meuron as the artistic consultant on the Beijing National Stadium for the 2008 Olympics. As a political activist, he has been highly and openly critical of the Chinese Government's stance on democracy and human rights. He has investigated government corruption and cover-ups, in particular the Sichuan schools corruption scandal following the collapse of so-called "tofu-dreg schools" in the 2008 Sichuan earthquake. In 2011, following his arrest at Beijing Capital International Airport on 3 April, he was held for 81 days without any official charges being filed; officials alluded to their allegations of "economic crimes".

War and art

Henry Moore

Henry Moore was the most important British sculptor of the 20th century, and the most popular and internationally celebrated sculptor of the post-was period. He was best known for his semi-abstract monumental bronze sculptures which are located around the world as public works of art.
His forms are usually abstractions of the human figure, usually of the mother-and-child or reclining figures. Moore's works are usually suggestive of the female body, apart from a phase in the 1950's when he sculpted family groups. His forms are generally pierced or contain hollow spaces.

Moore was involved with two art movements, which were Modernism and Modern Art.

Modernism – a philosophical movement that, along with cultural trends and changes, arose from wide-scale and far-reaching transformations in Western society during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. 

Modern art – includes artistic work produced during the period extending roughly from the 1860's to the 1970's, and denotes the style and philosophy of the art produced during that era. 

Clearly influenced by earlier modernist development in Britain and internationally, Moore has incorporated some of their ideas into his own extensive work.

Paul Nash

Paul Nash was a British surrealist painter and war artist, as well as a photographer, writer and designer of applied art. Nash was among the most important landscape artists of the first half of the twentieth century. He played a key role in the development of Modernism in English art.

During World War II  he produced two series of anthropomorphic depictions of aircraft, before producing a number of landscapes rich in symbolism with an intense mystical quality. These have perhaps become among the best known works from the period. Nash was also a fine book illustrator, and also designed stage scenery, fabrics and posters.

Jonathon Olley

Jonathon  Olley is a British photographer. His art photography focuses on landscapes marked by signs of human folly, but he has also worked as a war reporter and stills photographer for the motion picture industry.

Love and art

Mothers Love

Damien Hirst - For the love of God

 Damien Hirst is an English artist, entrepreneur, and art collector. He is the most know for being a member of the group known as the Young British Artists.
Death is a central theme in Hirst's works. He became famous for a series of artworks in which dead animals (including a shark, a sheep and a cow) are preserved—sometimes having been dissected.

The sculpture 'For the love of God' consists of a platinum cast of an 18th-century human skull encrusted with 8,601 flawless diamonds, including a pear-shaped pink diamond located in the forehead that is known as the Skull Star Diamond. The skull's teeth are original, and were purchased by Hirst in London.


Marina Abramovic

Marina Abramovic is an Yugoslavia-born controversial performance artist based in New York. Her work explores the relationship between performer and audience, the limits of the body, and the possibilities of the mind. Active for over three decades, Abramović describes herself as the "grandmother of performance art." She pioneered a new notion of identity by bringing in the participation of observers, focusing on "confronting pain, blood, and physical limits of the body.

For one her projects Marina would sit at a table with another empty chair opposite. Any one could then go and sit opposite her and she would just look at the other person for 1 minute. That person then would somehow gain and show different emotions such as sadness.

Feminism and art

Feminist art is by women artists made consciously in the light of developments in feminist art theory in the early 1970's. The movement emerged in the late 1960's amidst the fervour of anti war demonstrations as well as civil and queer rights movements.

Key ideas
Feminist artists sought to create a dialogue between the viewer and the artwork through the inclusion of women's perspective. Art was to merely an object for aesthetic admiration, but could also incite the viewer to question the social and political landscape, and through this questioning, possibly affect the world and incite change towards equality.

Before feminism, the majority of women artists were denied exhibitions and gallery representation based on the sole fact of their gender. Feminist artists created alternate venues as well as worked to changed established institutions' policies to promote women artists visibility within the art world.

Feminist artists often embraced alternative media, incorporating fabric, fibre, performance and video as these materials did not have the same historical male dominated precedent that painting and sculpture carried. By using these non traditional media, they sought to expand the definition of fine arts to include a wider variety of media and artistic perspectives.

Mary Kelly

Mary Kelly has contributed extensively to the discourse of feminism and post-modernism through her large-scale narrative installations and theoretical writings. Kelly’s work mediates between conceptual art and the more intimate interests of artists of the 1980's. Her work has been exhibited internationally and she is considered among the most influential contemporary artists working today.



Linda Sterling

Linda Sterling is a visual artist who creates photo montages. Taking one image as base image and adding another / part of another picture/ maybe an object on top to hide a key part of the image underneath. Her artistic work is very media related and was mainly vexed in the idea of glamour / sinister lure or spell. Sterling's images are mainly of people but recently are of food, objects and surfaces.
 

Cindy Sherman 

Cindy Sherman is an American photographer, she studied art at Buffalo State College, concentrating on photography, which she maintained is the appropriate medium of expression in our media dominated civilisation. Her photography are portraits of herself in various scenarios that parody stereotypes of woman. A panoply of characters and settings is drawn from sources of popular culture: old movies, television soaps and pulp magazines. She rapidly rose to celebrity status in the international art world during the early 1980's with the presentation of a series of untitled 'film stills' in various group and solo exhibitions.



Suzanne Lacy

She declared that  the goal of feminist art was to 'influence cultural attitudes and transform stereotypes'. There is no singular medium or styles that unites feminist artists, as they often combined aspects from various movements and media, including conceptual art, body art, and video art into works that presented a message about women's experience and the need for gender equality.

Conceptual Art

The term conceptual art came into use in the late 1960s to describe artwork in which the concept (idea) behind the artwork is more important than traditional aesthetic and materials concerns (what it looks like or how it is made).
Conceptual artists do not set out to make a painting or a sculpture and then fit their ideas to that existing from. Instead they think beyond the limits of those traditional media, and then work out their concept or idea in any materials and whatever form is appropriate.

Land Art
Land art was usually documented in artworks using photographs and maps which the artists could exhibit in galleries. Land artists also made land art in galleries by bringing in materials from the landscape and using it to create their piece.

Robert Smithson
He was an American artist famous for his use in photography in relation to sculpture and land art. His earliest pieces were paintings and collages, but he soon came to focus on sculpture; he responded to the Minimalism and Conceptualism of the early 1960s and he started to expand his work out of galleries and into the landscape. In 1970, he produced the Earthwork, or Land art, for which he is best known, 'Spiral Jetty', a remarkable coil of rock composed in the colored waters of the shore of the Great Salt Lake in Utah.

Andrew Goldsworthy

is a British sculptor, photographer and environmentalist producing site-specific sculpture and land art situated in natural and urban settings, and collaborates with nature to make his creations. His creations are transient, or ephemeral. He photographs each piece once right after he makes it. His goal is to understand nature by directly participating in nature as intimately as he can. He generally works with whatever comes to hand: twigs, leaves, stones, snow and ice, reeds and thorns. 

Richard Long

He is an English sculptor and one of the best known British land artists.

Long is the only artist to have been short-listed four times for the Turner Prize. He was nominated in 1984, 1987 and 1988, and then won the award in 1989 for White Water Line. Within a year of his departure from St Martin's, Long was closely associated with the emergence of a new art form, Land art, having already produced such works as 'A Line Made by Walking' this is made by a trail left in the grass by walking back and forth in a straight line.

Performance 

Its origins began in 'Dada' and 'Futurism' with Salvador Dali and Marcel Duchamp. Its influence later inspired the likes of Jackson Pollock and the 'abstract expressionists'. It later goes on to inform  'Actionism' and digital artists such as Stelarc and Bruce Nauman.

Photography and Film

Most artist documented the conceptual practice as an artifact to the event using the new form of art photography. This later in the 60s moves onto film and now into a digital world.

Arte Povera

Translated to 'poor art'. It was a move away from traditional materials such as oil paints, bronze and plaster and move towards no conventional materials such as everyday liquids, soil, rags, redundant objects. Basically anything you can find that no longer has its original purpose.

Found Object

  A found object is natural or man made ( or fragment of an object) found ( or sometimes bought) by an artist and kept because of some intrinsic interest the artist sees in it. 

Art History Evaluation

At the beginning of the art history project we created a blog which then we would publish what we had learnt about different art movements including The Renaissance, The Bauhaus, Pop Art, Impressionism, Cubism, Surrealism, Social Realism, Postmodernism, Conceptual Art and The Young British Artists. After we had finished our 10 sessions we had to then choose a movement to research into more detail for our final piece. 

For my final project I chose to focus on The Renaissance into more detail. 

The Renaissance was a period of European history at the end of the Middle Ages and the rise of the Modernist World, during the 14th century throught to the 17th. It started as a cultural movement in Italy in the late Medieval Period. Its intellectual basis was humanism, derived from the rediscovery of classical Greek philosophy. 

I chose the Renaissance because of some of the major artists involved in this movement. I also like how this period of art is more historical and how each artist have their own influences in their work. 

One of the artists that I liked was Sandro Botticelli, he was an Italian printer and painter, he painted many portraits and many of his works were influenced by religion and religious subjects like the panels of Madonna and churches. 

I like his work as each piece has its own theme with it either being religious or influenced by Venus. In the painting 'Venus And Mars' it shows the Gods in an allegory of beauty and valour. It shows the couple in a forest setting, surrounded by playful satyrs. This painting is typically held as an ideal of sensuous love of pleasure and play. There is a romantic and love theme in some of Botticelli's work especially the ones that include the God Venus. 

Another artist i liked was Leonardo da Vinci. He was also an Italian artist, but was famous for other areas of work. As well as being a painter da Vinci was also a sculptor, architect, engineer and a scientist. One of thr many paintings I like is 'The Mona Lisa', i like it because of the many theories behind this painting. The many theories like the hidden smile but also that the painting is actually of a man dressed as a woman, this was suggested 

because of the big hands but also because of the line across the forehead maybe suggesting a wig is being worn. 

I also like Michelangelo. He was an Italian artist but also was a sculptor, architect, poet and engineer and was one of the high Renaissance artists who exerted an unparalleled influence on the development of Western Art. His work shows a theme of religion like in 'The Creation Of Adam' this is implying Adam touching the hand of God who is surrounded by angelic figures. The shape around the angelic figures looks like the shape of a heart. I also like Michelangelo's paintings he did for the Sistine Chapel and how all his work relate with having a similar theme of religion. 

Lastly i like Jan Van Eyck. He was a Neverlandish painter of the late Middle Ages. He painted both secular and religious subject matter paintings including commissioned portraits and also oil paintings. One of his art works I liked was 'The Arnolfini Wedding'. In this picture it shows a young girl who is possibly pregnant, however the colour green suggests innocence and the red in the background suggests romance and love, but also danger. 

I chose this art movement because I particularly liked the artists. However I didnt really like the Surrealism art movement as some of the work that was produced by the artist didn't really make much sense. 

Young British Artists

Also referred to as Brit artists and Britart, it s the name given to a loose group of visual artists who first began to exhibit together in London, in 1988. They were known for their openness to materials and processes, shock tactics and entrepreneurial attitude. Many of the artists graduated from the BA Fine Art course at Goldsmiths in the late 1980's.

Goldsmiths college of Art played an important role in the development of the movement. It had for some years been fostering new forms of creativity through its courses which abolished the traditional separation of media into painting, sculpture, printmaking etc. In the late 1980's British Art entered what was quickly recognised as a new and excitingly distinctive phase, the era of what became known as the YBA's.

Young British Art can be seen to have a convenient starting point in the exhibition Freeze organised in 1988 by Damien Hirst while he was still a student at Goldsmiths College of Art. Freeze included the work of fellow Goldsmiths students, many of whom also became leading artists associated with the YBAs, such as Sarah Lucas, Angus Fairhurst and Michael Landy.

Michael Craig- Martin

Craig- Martin is a contemporary conceptual artist and painter. He is noted for fostering the Young British Artists, many of whom he taught, and for his conceptual artwork, An Oak Tree. He is Emeritus Professor of Fine Art at Goldsmiths.

In 1973, he exhibited the seminal piece An Oak Tree. The work consists of a glass of water standing on a shelf attached to the gallery wall next to which is a text using a semiotic argument to explain why it is in fact an oak tree.

                 An Oak Tree 1973

Sarah Lucas

  Self portrait with cigarettes 

Au Naturel 1994 Mattress, water bucket, melons, oranges and cucumber

The Bauhaus

The Bauhaus, a German word meaning ' House of building' was a school founded in 1919 in Weimar, Germany by architect Walter Gropius.

Gropius called for the school to show a new respect for craft and technique in all artistic media and suggested a return to attitudes to art and craft once characteristics of the medieval age, before art and manufacturing had drifted apart.
Gropius envisioned the Bauhaus encompassing the totality of all artistic media, including fine art, industrial design, graphic design, typography, interior design and architecture.


Lyonel Feininger (Illustrator), Walter Gropius (Author) manifesto and programme of the state Bauhaus, 1919.

This is woodcut by Lyonel Feininger. It shows a cathedral with a tower whose tip is surrounded by three stars, standing for the three arts of painting, sculpture and architecture, with the rays from them interlaced symbolically.

Paul Klee

Klee was a German water colourist, painter and etcher of fantastic works, mostly small in scale, and is one of the most inventive artists of the 20th Century.
He taught his theory of design in a component of the preliminary course. He supervised the bookbinding, glass painting and weaving workshops at various times at the Bauhaus. Some of his work includes:


                                  Cat and Bird 1928


                         Senecio 1922


Wassily Kandinsky

Kandinsky was a Russian painter,wood engraver, lithographer, teacher and theorist and also a pioneer of abstract art.
He viewed music as the most transcendent form of non objective art - musicians could evoke images in listeners' minds merely with sounds. He strove to produce similarly object free, spiritually rich paintings that alluded to sounds and emotions through a unity of sensation. Kandinsky sought to convey profound spiritually and the depth of human emotion through a universal visual language of abstract forms and colours that transcended cultural and physical boundaries.
Some of his work:


       Squares with Concentric Circles, 1913


                            Composition VIII, 1923

Conceptual Art

The term came into use in the late 1960's to describe artworks in which the concept (or idea) behind the artwork is more important than traditional aesthetic and material concerns.

Land Art

This is usually documented in artworks using photographs and maps. Land artists would also made land art in the galleries by bringing in material from the landscape and use that to recreate their artwork. 

Some land artists include Robert Smithson, Andrew Goldsworthy and Richard Long. 

Robert Smithson

Smithson was an American artist, famous for his use of photography for his sculptures and land art. He exhibited in many galleries around the world including the Galleria George Lester in Rome, Italy, the John Weber Gallery in New York.
His early exhibited artworks were collage works influenced by "homoerotic drawings and clippings from beefcake magazines", science fiction, and early Pop Art.
In 1967 Smithson began exploring industrial areas around New Jersey and was fascinated by the sight of dump trucks excavating tons of earth and rock that he described in an essay as the equivalents of the monuments of antiquity. This resulted in the series of 'non-sites' in which earth and rocks collected from a specific area are installed in the gallery as sculptures, often combined with mirrors or glass.


                     Spiral Jetty 1970


                  Broken Circle 1971


                 Amarillo Ramp 1973


Andrew Goldsworthy

Goldsworthy is a British sculptor, photographer and environmentalist producing site-specific sculpture and land art situated in natural and urban settings. The materials used in Andy Goldsworthy's art often include brightly coloured flowers, icicles, leaves, mud, pine cones, snow, stone, twigs, and thorns.
Goldsworthy produced a commissioned work for the entry courtyard of San Francisco's De Young Museum called "Drawn Stone", which echoes San Francisco's frequent earthquakes and their effects. His installation included a giant crack in the pavement that broke off into smaller cracks, and broken limestone, which could be used for benches. The smaller cracks were made with a hammer adding unpredictability to the work as he created it.


                                                   Autumn Cherry Leaves


                                               Icicle Star, joined with saliva


                      Goose Feathers


                                                     Rowan Leaves & Hole

Richard Long

 Long is an English sculptor and one of the best known British land artists. Several of his works were based around walks that he has made, and as well as land based natural sculpture, he uses the mediums of photography, text and maps of the landscape he has walked over.
In his work, often cited as a response to the environments he walked in, the landscape would be deliberately changed in some way, as in A Line Made by Walking (1967), and sometimes sculptures were made in the landscape from rocks or similar found materials and then photographed. Other pieces consist of photographs or maps of unaltered landscapes accompanied by texts detailing the location and time of the walk it indicates.

His piece Delabole Slate Circle, acquired from the Tate Modern in 1997, is a central piece in Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery.


                                      Delabole Slate Circle


Small White Pebble Circles 1987


     South Bank Circle 1991


       White Water Falls 2012